Tomatillo

Tomatillos, also commonly known as husk tomatoes, are about one or two inches in size with a characteristic papery outer skin. The slightly sticky husk encloses a firm, green fruit, and as the husk begins to dry it splits open and fades from green to light brown as the fruit matures. Tomatillos are harvested when the fruits are still immature, and they have a very tart flavor, much different than their relative, the tomato. However, Tomatillo plants do grow similar to tomatoes, though they seldom require staking, set fruit faster, and are somewhat more cold tolerant.

They are low sprawling plants that reach an average of two to four feet in height and produce high yields of the husked fruit, which are often described as looking like Chinese lanterns as they hang on the plant. Tomatillos are open-pollinated, meaning that their seed will reproduce plants identical to the parent, and for a good-sized crop, it is recommended that you plant two or more together to encourage cross-pollination.

Seasons/Availability

Tomatillos are available year-round.

Current Facts

Tomatillos, literally meaning “little tomatoes,” are botanically referred to as Physalis philadelphica, formerly Physalis ixocarpa, and like all species in the genus Physalis they are distinguished by their papery outer husk. The Tomatillo is a relative of the tomato, as both are members of the Solanaceae family, also known as the nightshade family. In Mexican and Guatemalan culture, the Tomatillo may be called miltomate, tomates verdes, tomates de cascara, or tomates de fresadillas.

Nutritional Value

Tomatillos are denser in minerals than their relative, tomatoes, as they are packed with unique phytochemicals and flavonoids. Tomatillos are rich in dietary fiber, and have good amounts of vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin K, niacin, potassium, manganese, and magnesium. Tomatillos also contain unique antioxidant phytochemicals called withanolides, which have been directly linked in several studies to anti-cancer and antibacterial roles.

Applications

Tomatillos can generally be used in similar ways to regular tomatoes, although they offer a slightly more tart flavor and contain less sugar. That tart, slightly acidic taste makes them perfect for use, either raw or cooked, in salsas, sauces, or even jams. When used in salsa, Tomatillos tone down the hotness of chilies and help blend the flavors of the different ingredients. They are credited as the source of the “piquant” flavor in authentic Mexican cuisine, and the slightly immature green fruits are used as the key ingredient for traditional salsa verde, which can be served with just about anything from enchiladas and quesadillas to fried chicken and more.

Diced raw Tomatillos also add a nice crunch to fresh guacamole, and they pair well with onions, cilantro, chili peppers and garlic. When harvested at their more ripe, golden-colored stage, they are often used in stews or simmered with meats for flavoring. To prepare the Tomatillo for use in your recipe, remove the papery husks, then rinse and dry the fruit. Tomatillos typically are not seeded before use in cooking. Store Tomatillos with their husks intact for about three weeks in the refrigerator in a paper bag. If you wish to keep them longer, you can remove the husk, wash the fruit, and freeze them.

Ethnic/Cultural Info

Tomatillos are a staple ingredient in Mexican cuisine, especially for authentic salsa verde. In Mexico, it is also believed that a decoction of the Tomatillo calyces can be used to treat diabetes.

Geography/History

Tomatillos are native to Mexico and Central America, where the Aztecs first cultivated them as early as 800 BC. Like tomatoes, Tomatillos are a warm season crop and they cannot stand frost. Take care to plant them after the danger of frost has passed and the soil has begun to warm. The vigorous Tomatillo plants do best in full sun in a sheltered position